{"id":981,"date":"2015-11-05T17:17:30","date_gmt":"2015-11-05T17:17:30","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.vis-sns.com\/?p=981"},"modified":"2026-04-17T13:12:09","modified_gmt":"2026-04-17T11:12:09","slug":"china-italy-meeting-on-outreach-a-report","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.vis-sns.com\/en\/china-italy-meeting-on-outreach-a-report\/","title":{"rendered":"China-Italy meeting on outreach: a report"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Author:&nbsp;<em>Claudia Cristalli<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">On November the 4th&nbsp;and 5th&nbsp;the Scuola Normale Superiore in Pisa hosted the international meeting <em>Science Outreach. A Chance for development. Perspectives in Italy and China, <\/em>organized\n by VIS in collaboration with the Confucius Institute of Pisa, which \nsponsored the event. The cooperation and support of Confucio\u2019s directors\n <strong>Wu Xueyan<\/strong>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<strong>Alberto di Minin<\/strong>&nbsp;and staff <strong>Giada Al\u00ec <\/strong>and&nbsp;<strong>Ester Armentano<\/strong>&nbsp;was precious for the good result of the event. The aim of the meeting was to explore <em>what Outreach means <\/em>and <em>what can be done to render Outreach more effective. <\/em>Chinese\n and Italian leading cultural institutions employ different strategies \nin the communication of scientific results to a larger, non-specialized \npublic; the meeting was therefore a good occasion for comparison. The \nlively discussion that followed was moderated by <strong>Andrea Ferrara<\/strong>, VIS director. What emerged is a strong common perspective on <em>how<\/em> Outreach activity has to be conceived; its instances, however, are often quite different in practice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>1. <\/strong>The first question on the table was: <em>What is Outreach? <\/em>All\n participants in the meeting were unanimous in stressing the wide range \nof communication tools that this activity requires. \u201cOutreach\u201d is not \nmeant to be just \u201cdiffusion\u201d or \u201cpopularization\u201d of knowledge, since the\n popularization-model implies a hierarchical structure, with information\n flowing from a privileged source (at the top) to a passive mass (lying \nat the bottom). In fact, what happens during effective outreach \u2013 as \nwell as during effective teaching \u2013 is that the interest of the auditory\n is awaken, and at this point listening is anything but a passive \nactivity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong> Katherine Isaacs <\/strong>(UniPi), coordinator of the event <em>Bright. The researcher\u2019s night in Tuscany, <\/em>an\n European outreach manifestation that finds place every fourth Friday of\n September, has highlighted three aspects that may define the aims of \nOutreach: (1) To spread the cultural influence of Universities beyond the boundaries of seminars, professor\u2019s bureaus, and research labs, to the surrounding social tissue; (2) To stress how research and teaching activities are mutually interdependent and able to enrich each other; (3) To elaborate not only a program, but an attitude of responsibility and respect, which has to be a <em>structural <\/em>component of the developmental strategy of every scientific and cultural institution.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong> Michele Lanzinger<\/strong>, director of the MuSe of Trento,\n while sharing with Isaacs roughly the same theoretical background, gave\n his personal insight on Outreach as based on the MuSe experience. \nTherefore, Lanzinger spoke of (1) an effective positive repercussion on local economy\n of the Natural History Museum, of the Astronomic Observatory, and of \nthe daily research pursued by geologist working within the walls of the \nMuSe or at their African dislocation, among the Udzungwa Mountains, a \nNational Park in the Eastern Arc Mountains, Tanzania. Moreover, (2) the contemporary need of lifelong learning\n parallels (on the non-specialized side) the need to defend the \ninterplay between teaching and research among professional scientists. A\n well-organized cultural institution can give some important \ncontribution to both those needs. The awareness of having not only \nchildren but also <em>professionalized adults<\/em> among the public surely\n makes the case for communicating research outside the boundaries of the\n Academy even stronger. (3) As a consequence of this, it is of paramount\n importance to elaborate a new, non-hierarchical standard of communication.\n Also the terminology stressing the difference between specialized and \nnon-specialized people should be abandoned, since it is of no use in \nimproving understanding of any kind. The ideal science communicator will\n manage to address simultaneously a wide range of different people, \nkeeping in mind the different backgrounds to which they belong.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Marcos Valdes<\/strong>, VIS coordinator, maintains that the \nOutreach program of the Scuola Normale Superiore of Pisa is going in the\n same direction: \u201cHere in Pisa the people responded very well to our \nevents, with a strong participation both at the public conferences [<em>I\u2019ll tell you the discovery that changed my life<\/em>]\n and at the CAVE3D-visits. It means that VIS (and Outreach in general) \nmeets a real need, that is, to get closer to the world of research, \neither scientific or humanistic (I am thinking now at our digital \nreconstruction of Segesta\u2019s archaeological site, Sicily)\u201d. Valdes draws \non Isaacs\u2019 points while bearing Lanzinger\u2019s results in mind: first of \nall, (1) the integration between research and communication must also \nact as a firewall against the diffusion of <em>viral scientific disinformation<\/em><em>, <\/em>which diverts and manipulates the public opinion. Therefore, Outreach has (1.1) to develop a policy of information on the web and (1.2) to foster a critical attitude towards any content prior and above the transmission of any particular content. Secondly, (2) there is an ethical dimension\n in Outreach which Valdes reports in very down-to-earth terms: since \npublic research is a tax-funded activity, it is the duty of the research\n institutions to give a feedback to the citizens who are financially \nsustaining them. Thirdly, (3) a public opinion positively concerned \nabout research and sensible to \u201cgood science\u201d may influence political choices and the allocation of resources. Outreach therefore will promote a <em>virtuous cycle <\/em>between\n the spreading of scientific information and the assignment of research \ngrants to virtuous institutions, which on their turn will contribute to \nthe general level of scientific awareness in society. And so on.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Briefly put, <em>Outreach can be defined as that attitude \nof responsibility and respect which pushes a cultural institution to \nopen its doors both locally (via conferences and meetings) and globally \n(via the World Wide Web). The Outreach activities focus on researchers \nand scientists as individuals, and actively promote the cultural and \neconomical development of the territory. Moreover, the Outreach program \nhas a political and ethical relevance, since it is committed to the \ndiffusion and defense of a scientific mentality and \u2013 more broadly but \nmost importantly \u2013 a critical attitude in society.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>2. <\/strong>To open Universities and research spaces to the \ngeneral public: this is what characterizes mostly the Outreach \nactivities in Chongqing. Chongqing is a very populous metropolitan area \n(29.914.000 inhabitants in 2014) situated in the South-West of China. \nTogether with Beijing, Shanghai and Tianjin, Chongqing is a <em>direct-controlled municipality, <\/em>which\n does not mean independent governance but a direct control by the \ncentral government; it is the highest possible administrative status for\n cities and their surrounding territory. In particular, Chongqing is by \nfar the largest (82,403 km2) and the most \npopulous municipality. It has a very good Science and Technology Museum,\n with free entrance for children and high school students, and many \nother Museums, such as the Natural History Museum. <strong>Liu Hui<\/strong>, Physics professor at Chongqing University, described the structure and the timing of Outreach activities: the <em>National Science Popularization Day <\/em>on the third week-end of September, and the <em>Science and Technology National Week <\/em>on\n the third week of May. In both occasions Universities open their doors \nto the general public, and visitors \u2013 mostly children accompanied by \nparents and high-school students \u2013 explore the various panels and \nscientific installations arranged by both undergraduate and graduate \nstudents. Conferences and talks are held by professors, but the greater \npart of scientific communication happens among quasi-peers, all still \nschool-aged. Also the conferences or open lessons held by professors are\n mostly visited by school-aged boys and girls: \u201cAdults and retired \npeople are not really interested in those manifestations, and they also \ncome to visit Science Museums only when drawn in by their children or \ngrandchildren. Adults may also actively bring their children or \ngrandchildren to the museum, but only in so far they realize that it is \ngood for their formation. However, since they do not see any immediate \nutility of such a knowledge in their daily work, they tend not to be \ninterested in it\u201d, Hui said. This attitude towards culture, which, \naccording to <strong>Han Zhong<\/strong>, is diffused in the whole Country, has already begun to change: starting from Hong-Kong. As <strong>Ming-Chung Chu<\/strong>,\n cosmologist, reports, \u201cTwenty years ago it was the same by us as well. \nOur public was almost entirely composed by students. When I gave an open\n lesson on a scientific topic, my audience was mostly composed by \nstudents who were thinking about enrolling in the Department of Physics.\n Now the situation has changed, and roughly 50% of our audience is \ncomposed by adults, workers or retired people, who come without \nchildren. They come on their own because they have a <em>personal<\/em> <em>interest<\/em> in what we have to say\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"> This can be considered <em>the very first\n step of any Outreach activity: to engage the people\u2019s interest and to \nawake their curiosity in science and in the persons who do science. <\/em>How to obtain this first fundamental result is however still problematic. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>3<\/strong>. When the question is <em>how to awake the interest of people in science<\/em>, there are several different approaches that can be considered. Each has both advantages and disadvantages.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Giordano Mancini<\/strong> works for the SNS\u2019s Center <strong>DreamsLab<\/strong>\n which collaborates with VIS on outreach activities, and reported his \nexperience as follows: \u201cWe wanted to captivate the interest of our \npublic; therefore, we worked to create a very <em>immersive experience<\/em>,\n that is, to present some most interesting results of contemporary \nresearch within an extraordinary perceptual context. Therefore, I worked\n at programming the software needed to exploit the potentiality of our \nCAVE3D and of the Oculus Rift. We can now visualize the structure of a \nmolecule or of a neural net, walk into a reconstruction of Segesta\u2019s \nAgor\u00e0 or travel through time in a simulation of much earlier stages of \nthe Universe\u2019s development. All reconstructions are firmly grounded on \nscientific data (or biological samples, in the case of the neural net): \nit is not a big game, even if it may look like a game\u201d. Actually, this \nis the greatest risk of this communication style: to make science and \nscientific research nothing but a pleasant entertainment, or an \nemotional experience. A second risk is that of shifting the attention of\n the public from the scientific content to the technology used to \ndisplay it. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong> Davide Dalpiaz<\/strong> works as\n cultural mediator and is in charge of the digitalization at MuSe. He \nhas therefore an experience of the use of technology to communicate \nscience on a much larger scale than VIS. Even if his experience is very \npositive, both Dalpiaz and Lanzinger are looking towards new challenges:\n \u201cWe wanted to give each visitor a digital instrument that would have \nallowed her\/him to organize the&nbsp;visit in a free and autonomous way. \nThanks to this instrument [iPad mini] it is possible to <em>watch at a story<\/em>\n on many of our exhibits, just while stepping by them. However, we now \nhave many visitors alone looking at a screen and not interacting with \neach other. How can we make the MuSe experience to become not only a <em>private <\/em>experience but also a <em>shared<\/em>\n experience?\u201d. Technology seems to need the corrective action of games, \nespecially role-playing games. However, this strategy also presents \nseveral limits, among which the most obvious one is the fact that it is \nnot clear how much of the scientific attitude towards a problem can be \nsatisfactorily communicated by a game. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>4<\/strong>. A different but \ncomplementary proposal comes form Elisabetta Baldanzi (INO, National \nOptic Institute \u2013 CNR, National Research Center). Baldanzi is a \nresearcher in photometry (the measurement of the intensity of light or \nrelative illuminating power) with interests in vision\u2019s psychophysics \nand spectrophotometry, and an important figure in the Italian Outreach\u2019s\n landscape: recently she has been awarded \u2013 <em>ex-aequo<\/em> with Marcos \nValdes \u2013 the SIF [Italian Society of Physics] prize for Scientific \nCommunication. Her approach to Outreach is based on the will to \nintegrate different culture domains. Enhancing science does not mean to \npromote scientism, and Baldanzi\u2019s Outreach events are projected together\n with the exhibition of some works of art or with a concert. The main \nadvantage of this strategy is that, thanks to the composite nature of \nthe content it offers, it is able to stimulate the curiosity of people \nwith very different interests. One person may come because of \nan&nbsp;interest in lasers, the other because of an interest in the \nphysiology of perception, a third because of Rembrandt\u2019s <em>The Night Watch<\/em>. Moreover, this strategy also gives visibility to the <em>historical <\/em>dimension of science, thereby contributing to bridging the cultural gap between scientific sciences and human sciences.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>5.<\/strong> The meeting thus closes with a \nnumber of good intentions from all parts. In particular, everybody hopes\n for a close cooperation between the CNR, INO, &amp; VIS in Italy, and \nChongqing &amp; Hong-Kong Universities in China. In this context, \ntechnology could actually have an important role in making the physical \ndistance between the two Countries practically negligible. <strong>Marcos Valdes<\/strong>\n proposed therefore to focus this initial stage of cooperation on the \ndevelopment of more software solutions for visualizing scientific \nresults, especially for <strong>Oculus Rift<\/strong>. That is all for now, and the details of the program remain to be written.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Author:&nbsp;Claudia Cristalli On November the 4th&nbsp;and 5th&nbsp;the Scuola Normale Superiore in Pisa hosted the international meeting Science Outreach. A Chance for development. Perspectives in Italy [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":982,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-981","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-our-story"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>China-Italy meeting on outreach: a report - Virtual Immersions in Science<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.vis-sns.com\/en\/china-italy-meeting-on-outreach-a-report\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"China-Italy meeting on outreach: a report - Virtual Immersions in Science\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Author:&nbsp;Claudia Cristalli On November the 4th&nbsp;and 5th&nbsp;the Scuola Normale Superiore in Pisa hosted the international meeting Science Outreach. 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