{"id":984,"date":"2016-05-05T17:21:00","date_gmt":"2016-05-05T17:21:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.vis-sns.com\/?p=984"},"modified":"2026-04-17T13:12:09","modified_gmt":"2026-04-17T11:12:09","slug":"sns-research-team-discovers-super-massive-black-holes-progenitors","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.vis-sns.com\/en\/sns-research-team-discovers-super-massive-black-holes-progenitors\/","title":{"rendered":"SNS research team discovers super-massive black holes progenitors"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">At the center of almost every galaxy around us, we found \nsuper-massive black holes with a mass of million or billion times that \nof the Sun. In our galaxy, the Milky Way, there is a black hole with \nabout 4 million solar masses. Some of these black holes are active and \ndevour huge amounts of gas, irradiating their own host galaxy. Others, \nlike the Milky Way one, are more quiet.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Current theories successfully describe the formation process of small\n black holes, up to tens of solar masses. These objects are formed with \nthe collapse of stars more massive than the Sun, at the end of their \nlife. From small black holes, of \u201cstellar mass\u201d, it is possible to form \nsuper-massive black holes through a growth process, accreting gas from \nthe surrounding environment or merging with other black holes. \nNonetheless, this process requires a long time, billion years, to \nfinally reach the size of super-massive black holes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Fabio Pacucci, A very important discovery about black holes - 26 maggio 2016\" width=\"1130\" height=\"636\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/6AjV7hiZBAE?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">As usual, nature has some surprises for us: these super-massive black\n holes not only are commonly observed at the center of close-by \ngalaxies, but they have been localized also in extremely far away \ngalaxies, very old ones, existed when the Universe was 800 million years\n old. A small fraction when compared to the 13-14 billion years of its \ncurrent age. Understanding how it was possible to form black holes of \nbillion solar masses in such a short time is one of the biggest mystery \nin modern cosmology.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">One of the theories proposed to solve this puzzle states that, in the  peculiar conditions of the early Universe, black holes formed in the  first billion years form the Big Bang were much more massive than the  ones formed at the end of the life of a modern star. Not tens, but up to  100,000 times the mass of the Sun. These objects are named direct  collapse black holes. As the name suggests, they should have been formed  from the direct collapse, without fragmentation, of huge amounts of  primordial gas. Instead of forming 100,000 stars similar to the Sun,  they formed just a single, collapsed, object of 100,000 solar masses.  The existence of these intermediate-mass objects would help in the  understanding of the observations indicating the presence of  super-massive black holes in the early Universe. They would then  represent the missing link between small black holes, formed from stars,  and super-giant ones, found at the center of galaxies. Direct collapse  black holes are objects imagined by astrophysicists, but never observed  before.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.vis-sns.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Black-Seed_images_1920x1200-1024x640.min_.jpg\" alt=\"\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In a very recent study led by Fabio Pacucci and Andrea Ferrara, \ncosmologists at the Scuola Normale Superiore, the authors believe that \nthey have found a simple and effective method to observe the first black\n holes formed in the Universe. This study suggests that it is possible \nto select these objects, among the billions populating the sky, looking \nat their colors. Observed through special photometric filters (that \nallow to select some wavelengths, similarly to photographic filters), \nthese objects should appear much redder than other objects observable in\n the early Universe. Fabio Pacucci, first author of the study, says: \n\u201cThis reddening should be caused by the huge amount of gas present in \nthe host galaxy, and collapsing toward the central object. The light \nemitted from the environment surrounding the central black hole would \nlose energy crossing it and would become redder, less energetic.\u201d We \npredict that the reddening should decrease with time, because the gas \npresent in the host galaxy decreases as well. Similarly to the daily \ncycle of the Sun, at the rise of their life these black holes are very \nred, progressively turning whiter with the approaching of noon.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This method was applied from the authors of the study. They found two\n very ancient objects that could be the first black holes of this class \never discovered. These objects were observed in the visible light and in\n the infrared from the NASA space telescopes Hubble and Spitzer, inside \nthe southerner constellation of the Fornax. Furthermore, these objects \nare clearly detected in the X-rays from the NASA space telescope \nChandra. The emission of high-energy radiation, like the X-rays, \nstrongly suggests that these objects are really black holes. These two \nobjects were formed when the Universe was younger than one billion \nyears, less than one tenth of the current age.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Andrea Ferrara, Cosmology professor at the Scuola Normale Superiore, \nsays: \u201cIf this discovery will be confirmed, out vision of the formation \nmechanisms of super-massive black holes would dramatically change\u201d. \nDirect collapse black holes would represent the progenitors of local \nsuper-massive black holes, localized at the center of most galaxies. \nConsequently, also our understanding of the formation process of \ngalaxies would be improved.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>At the center of almost every galaxy around us, we found super-massive black holes with a mass of million or billion times that of the [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":985,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-984","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-our-story"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.5 - 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